Dependence occurs when an individual develops a valuation reserve for the substance or exhibits withdrawal symptoms when it is not available.
Drug abuse disorders whitethorn involve physiological dependence on substances, much(prenominal) as opiates- particularly heroin-or barbiturates; however psychological dependence may also occur with any of the drugs that are commonly apply today-for e.g. marijuana.
A number of factors are considered important in the etiology of substance abuse disorders. Some substances, such as alcohol and opium, stimulate brain centers that produce euphoria-which then be muster ups a coveted goal.
Psychological factors such as psychological vulnerability, stress, and the desire for stress reduction and disturbed marital relationships are also seen as important etiologic elements in the substance use disorders.
contingent causal factors in drug abuse include the put to work of peer groups, the existence of so- called drug culture, and the availability of drugs as stress reducers or pain relievers.
Some recent research has explored a possible physiological basis for drug abuse. The discovery of endorphins, morphine-like substances produced by the body, has led to speculation that a biochemical basis of drug addiction may exist.
The so-called pleasure pathway (MCLP) has come under a great deal of study in recent years as the possible potential anatomic site underlying the addictions.
The treatment of individuals who abuse drugs is generally difficult to treat and often fails. The abuse may reflect a long history of psychological difficulties; interpersonal and marital damage may be involved; and financial and legal problems may be present. In addition, all such problems must be dealt with by an individual who may deny that the...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my essay .
No comments:
Post a Comment