The Consequences of Retirement in American Society

The limited utility of the RHS has been noteworthy in subsequent studies as well. For example, a 1989 RHS-based study of the emergences of later-life remarriage after divorce and widowhood (!) perforce confined itself to men because the RHS had done so (Bulcroft, Bulcroft, Hatch, & Borgatta, 1989).

In the mid-1980s, a host of new demographic factors presented themselves to potential retirement studies, beginning with sexuality but extending to race and ethnicity, labor-force gender and minority-group configuration, physical and mental wellness, and sundry behavioral variables. Even the monetary variables of the RHS had limited utility for meaningful analysis by the mid-1980s, owe to the growth of various privately funded pension plans. A consequence was the so-called Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a longitudinal ten-year study that began in the early on 1990s and results of which appear to devour been first reported in 1995. The variable set for HRS includes financial data from Social Security, IRS, and private-sector sources, as well as health, social, and demographic attributes, and the sample cuts across lines of gender and race (Juster & Suzman, 1995; Wallace & Herzog, 1995). Health and early(a) factors influencing how retirement decisions are arrived at as well as the pay off of retirement itself are at the core of HRS. patch as of 1997 the HRS is not complete, preliminary data be possessed of been analyzed, a

Szinovacz, M., & Harpster, P. (1994, May). Couples' employment/retirement status and the division of household tasks. Journals of Gerontology, 49, 125-136.

Smith, L. (1992, January 13). Tyranny of America's old. Fortune, 125, 68-72.

As time passes, retirees enter a reorientation phase during which they reassess their life status, accept some(prenominal) limitations, and alter their priorities to further adjustment. As retirees gain acceptance, they begin to corroborate into a predictable and comfortable daily life pattern during the strokeility phase. Death or disability then brings the termination stand forcoach of retirement (Gall, Evans, & Howard, 1997, p. 110.

If the focus of employment is money, then money is too a focus of the absence of employment.

Undoubtedly, economic resources, whether plentiful or not, influence the quality of life in the condition of retirement. prevalent culture is replete with what seems obvious advice, that it is never too early to plan for the golden years. It seems patently obvious, as Gall, Evans, and Howard remark, citing supporting research, "retirees who have fewer resources or have unrealistic expectations of retirement whitethorn move into a phase of disenchantment or letdown during which they experience less satisfaction and/or more distress" (1997, p. 110). Gall, Evans, and Howard put in evidence of a retirement euphoria or " holiday" lasting about one year, after which general health and well-being declined somewhat, though not significantly below levels of wage-earning years, at least among those with apparently adequate financial resources. They source research that describes retirement in terms of phases, with the degree and variant of satisfaction with retirement appears to be dependent on the stage at which satisfaction is measured:

Consequences of retirement on extremely personal social roles--specifically marital household roles--are described by Szinovacz and Harpster (1994), based on data from the so-called National descry of Families and Hous
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